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In the United States, the Postal Service has a monopoly on first-class mail, but much of what is sent first class could be transmitted electronically. Electronic transmittal operators argue that if the Postal Service were to offer electronic transmission, it would have an unfair advantage, since its electronic transmission service could be subsidized from the profits of the monopoly. Which of the following, if each is true, would allay the electronic transmittal operators’ fears of unfair competition?

Correctly measuring the productivity of service workers is complex. Consider, for example, postal workers: they are often said to be more productive if more letters are delivered per postal worker. But is this really true? What if more letters are lost or delayed per worker at the same time that more are delivered? The objection implied above to the productivity measure described is based on doubts about the truth of which of the following statements? 

Some supermarket retailers offer “everyday low prices” across a wide assortment of product categories, while others offer temporary deep discounts in a smaller group of categories. The former strategy is commonly known as “EDLP”, the latter as “HILO”. One question that arises is whether these different pricing formats are more or less attractive to different types of shoppers. Shoppers can be defined (in a relative sense) as either large- or small-basket shoppers: large-basket shoppers shop less frequently and purchase across many more product categories on a single visit than do small-basket shoppers. Thus, large-basket shoppers are likely to be more captive to prices across many categories and have less flexibility to take advantage of occasional price discounts. Bell and Lattin predict that, in comparison to small-basket shoppers, large-basket shoppers will be less influenced by the expected price of an entire basket of goods – which these shoppers presume to be lower at an EDLP store. Meanwhile, small-basket shoppers, who shop more frequently and thus have more flexibility, can often defer purchases of items when the items are priced high, because the shoppers know they will soon return to the store. Bell and Lattin speculate that a supermarket whose format offers greater variability in price might thus tend to attract small-basket shoppers. The passage suggests that shoppers at a HILO supermarket will benefit most from that store’s pricing strategy if the 

Which of the following expressions is independent to variable X? 

Typically, people think of genius, whether it manifests itself in Mozart composing symphonies at age five or Einstein’s discovery of relativity, as having a quality not just of the supernatural but also they are eccentric.