Question 1

When blood flow to human tissue is interrupted, the lack of sufficient blood supply is called ischemia. If

ischemia is not restored quickly, the affected tissue may undergo a process called infarction, which involves a

series of chemical changes that damage the tissue. The lack of blood supply results in lack of oxygen, and thus

lactic acidosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction results. Microscopic examination and chemical analysis of ischemic

cells reveal membrane degeneration, excessive calcium (Ca+) inside the cell, and free radical formation,

accompanied by a reactive inflammation and free fatty acid formation. A research experiment is designed to

evaluate the response of infarcted tissue to intra-arterial administration of an antioxidant. Preliminary results

demonstrate that follow-up evaluation of tissue exposed to intra-arterial antioxidant injection resulted, on

average, in a smaller area of infarcted tissue after seven days when compared to controls without exposure to

the antioxidant. It was noted that 70% of the patients who demonstrated smaller areas of infarction also had a

notable decease in edema of the ischemic tissue lasting about 6 to 10 hours after injection.

Which of the following chemical moieties forms the backbone of DNA?

Options :

A : Nitrogenous bases

B : Glycerol

C : Amino groups

D : Pentose and phosphate

Answer: D

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a result of sympathetic stimulation?

Options :

A : increase in blood pressure

B : increase of blood flow to intestines

C : increase in blood flow to the brain

D : dilation of pupils

Answer: B

Question 3

Mary’s karate class has 7 students with white belts and 21 students with green belts. What is the ratio of

students with white belts to all the students in the class?

Options :

A : 7 to 21

B : 4 to 1

C : 1 to 3

D : 1 to 4

Answer: D

Question 4

What is the role of a nurse cell?

Options :

A : secrete testosterone

B : secrete sperm

C : nurture maturing red blood cells

D : activate sperm motility

Answer: C

Question 5

Which of the following atoms has the highest electronegativity?

Options :

A : Cl

B : Br

C : N

D : F

Answer: D

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