Question 1

Analyze the following Ruby code snippet that utilizes regular expressions for string processing:

class EmailExtractor EMAIL_REGEX = /(\b[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z|a-z]{2,}\b)/ def self.extract_from(text) text.scan(EMAIL_REGEX).flatten endend text1 = "Contact us at [email protected] for assistance"text2 = "Send your feedback to: [email protected] and [email protected]"text3 = "No emails here!" result1 = EmailExtractor.extract_from(text1)result2 = EmailExtractor.extract_from(text2)result3 = EmailExtractor.extract_from(text3) What will be the values of result1, result2, and result3, respectively?

Options :

A : ["[email protected]"], ["[email protected]", "[email protected]"], []

B : ["[email protected]"], ["[email protected]"], ["[email protected]"], []

C : ["[email protected]"], nil, []

D : ["[email protected]"], ["[email protected]", "[email protected]"], nil

Answer: A

Question 2

Review the following Ruby code snippet in the context of class inheritance and method access control:

class Product

def initialize(name, price)

@name = name

@price = price

end

private

def price

@price

end

class Electronic < Product

def discount_amount(discount_percentage)

price * discount_percentage / 100.0

end

def discounted_price(discount_percentage)

price - discount_amount(discount_percentage)

end

electronic_item = Electronic.new("Laptop", 1000)

result = electronic_item.discounted_price(20)

What will be the value of result?

Options :

A : 800

B : NoMethodError

C : 200

D : 1000

Answer: B

Question 3

Analyze the following Ruby code snippet in the context of class design and instance variable management:

class Book

attr_reader :title, :author

@@total_books = 0

def self.total_books

@@total_books

end

def initialize(title, author)

@title = title

@author = author

@@total_books += 1

end

class Library

attr_reader :books

def initialize

@books = []

end

def add_book(book)

@books << book

end

def total_books_in_library

@books.size

end

library = Library.new

library.add_book(Book.new("1984", "George Orwell"))

library.add_book(Book.new("To Kill a Mockingbird", "Harper Lee"))

result1 = Library.total_books

result2 = library.total_books_in_library

What will be the values of result1 and result2, respectively?

Options :

A : undefined method 'total_books' for Library:Class, undefined method 'total_books_in_library' for Library:Class

B : 2, undefined method 'total_books_in_library' for Library:Class

C : undefined method 'total_books' for Library:Class, 2

D : 2, 2

Answer: C

Question 4

Examine the following Ruby code snippet that utilizes refinements:

module LengthConversion refine String do def to_meters self.to_f / 3.281 end endend class MeasurementConverter using LengthConversion def convert_to_meters(length_in_feet) length_in_feet.to_meters endend converter = MeasurementConverter.newoutside_conversion = "10".to_meters result1 = converter.convert_to_meters("10")result2 = outside_conversion What will be the values of result1 and result2, respectively?

Options :

A : NoMethodError, NoMethodError

B : Approximately 3.048, Approximately 3.048

C : Approximately 3.048, NoMethodError

D : NoMethodError, Approximately 3.048

Answer: C

Question 5

In Ruby, understanding non-local exits such as break, next, and return within the context of blocks and methods is crucial for controlling the flow of a program. Consider the following Ruby code snippet:

def test_method [1, 2, 3].each do |i| return i if i == 2 end "No match"end result = test_method Based on this code, which two of the following statements are true regarding non-local exits in Ruby?

Options :

A : The return keyword in the block causes an exit from the each loop and returns 2 from the test_method.

B : The return keyword in the block causes the entire program to exit, assigning nil to result.

C : The result variable will be assigned the string "No match" because the each loop completes its iteration.

D : If i equals 2, the each loop is exited and the test_method returns "No match".

E : The return keyword inside the block exits the block and continues execution with the next line after the each loop.

Answer: A,E

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